![]() ![]() Parvorder Catarrhini: Old World monkeys, apes, and humans.Family Atelidae: howler, spider, woolly spider, and woolly monkeys.Family Pitheciidae: titis, sakis, and uakaris.Family Aotidae: night or owl monkeys (douroucoulis).Family Cebidae: capuchins and squirrel monkeys.Family Callitrichidae: marmosets and tamarins.Parvorder Platyrrhini: New World monkeys.Suborder Haplorrhini: tarsiers + monkeys, including apes.Suborder Strepsirrhini: lemurs, lorises, galagos, etc.The following is the listing of the various platyrrhine families, as defined by Rylands & Mittermeier (2009), and their position in the Order Primates: In extant species, the 2n value varies from 16 in the titi monkey to 62 in the woolly monkey.Ī Bayesian estimate of the most recent common ancestor of the extant species has a 95% credible interval of 27 million years ago- 31 million years ago. ![]() The chromosomal content of the ancestor species appears to have been 2n = 54. The non-platyrrhini Ucayalipithecus of Amazonian Peru who might have rafted across the Atlantic between ~35–32 million years ago, are nested within the extinct Parapithecoidea from the Eocene of Afro-Arabia, suggesting that there were two separate dispersal events of primates to South America, Parvimico and Perupithecus from Peru appear to be at the base of the Platyrrhini, as are Szalatavus, Lagonimico, and Canaanimico. At the time the New World monkeys dispersed to South America, the Isthmus of Panama had not yet formed, so ocean currents, unlike today, favoured westward dispersal, the climate was quite different, and the width of the Atlantic Ocean was less than the present 2,800 km (1,700 mi) width by about a third (possibly 1,000 km (600 mi) less, based on the current estimate of the Atlantic mid-ocean ridge formation processes spreading rate of 25 millimetres per year (1 in/year)). Several other groups of animals made the same journey across the Atlantic, notably including caviomorph rodents. Platyrrhini are currently conjectured to have dispersed to South America on a raft of vegetation across the Atlantic Ocean during the Eocene epoch, possibly via several intermediate now submerged islands. Evolutionary history Ībout 40 million years ago, the Simiiformes infraorder split into the parvorders Platyrrhini (New World monkeys) and Catarrhini ( apes and Old World monkeys) somewhere on the African continent. New World monkeys descend from African simians that colonized South America, a line that split off about 40 million years ago. New World monkeys' closest relatives are the other simians, the Catarrhini ("down-nosed"), comprising Old World monkeys and apes. Monkeys in the family Atelidae, such as the spider monkey, are the only primates to have prehensile tails. Platyrrhini is derived from the Greek for "broad nosed", and their noses are flatter than those of other simians, with sideways-facing nostrils. ə/), the only extant superfamily in the parvorder Platyrrhini ( / p l æ t ɪ ˈ r aɪ n aɪ/). The five families are ranked together as the Ceboidea ( / s ə ˈ b ɔɪ d i. New World monkeys are the five families of primates that are found in the tropical regions of Mexico, Central and South America: Callitrichidae, Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae.
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